Individual Development
Articles and Readings

Compiled by: W. Huitt
Last Revised: April 2014

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I.  Introduction: Holistic Views of Development

• ASCD. (2011). Making the case for educating the whole child. Alexander, VA: Author.  Retrieved January 2012, from http://www.wholechildeducation.org/assets/content/WholeChild-MakingTheCase.pdf
• Boemmel, J., & Briscoe, J. (2001). Web Quest project theory fact sheet on Urie Bronfenbrenner. National-Louis University. Retrieved May 2004, from http://pt3.nl.edu/boemmelbriscoewebquest.pdf
• Boulding, K. E. (1956). General systems theory--the skeleton of science. Management Science, 2, 197-208. (Reprinted in E:CO, 6(1-2), 127-139, 2004). Retrieved April 2005, from http://emergentpublications.com/eco/ECO_other/Issue_6_1-2_18_CP.pdf
• Fan, M. (2004). The idea of integrated education: From the point of view of Whitehead’s philosophy of education. Paper presented at the Forum for Integrated Education and Educational Reform sponsored by the Council for Global Integrative Education, Santa Cruz, CA, October 28-30. Retrieved December 2004, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/CGIE/fan.pdf
• Fischer, K., & Dawson, T. (2002). A new kind of developmental science: Using models to integrate theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 67 (1, Serial No. 173), 156-167. Retrieved August 2005, from http://www.gse.harvard.edu/~ddl/articlesCopy/FischerDawson2002ANewKind.pdf.
• Huitt, W. (2003). A systems model of human behavior. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved August 2008, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/materials/sysmdlo.html
• Huitt, W. (2011, July). A holistic view of education and schooling: Guiding students to develop capacities, acquire virtues, and provide service. Revision of paper presented at the 12th Annual International Conference sponsored by the Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER), May 24-27, Athens, Greece. Retrieved from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/holistic-view-of-schooling-rev.pdf
• Myers, D. (2005). Psychological science meets the world of faith. APS Observer, 18(10). Retrieved August 2008, from http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/uncategorized/psychological-science-meets-the-world-of-faith.html 
• Solari, A. Solari, I., & Petraiole, P. (2004). The scientific basis for the development of human consciousness. Episteme. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.scipool.com/pdf/doc200410140087.pdf
• Stapp, H. (2008). The role of human beings in the quantum universe. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Retrieved September 2008, from http://www-physics.lbl.gov/~stapp/Stapp_wfut.pdf

II. Physical Development

• Caldwell, M., & Huitt, W. (2004). An overview of physical development. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA. Retrieved August 2008, fromhttp://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/physdevelop.pdf
• Garber, C., Deschenes, M., Franklin, B., Lamonte, M., Lee, I-M., Nieman, D., & Swain, D. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(7), 1334-1359. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb Retrieved May 2012, from http://www.aliceveneto.com/1/upload/quantity_and_quality_of_exercise_for_developing.26_1_.pdf
• Harmel, K. (1998, November 17). UF researcher: Participating in sports gives girls strong self-images. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 2002, fromhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/11/981117150259.htm
• Reynolds, G. (2010, September 15). Phys ed: Can exercise make kids smarter? The New York Times. Retrieved September 2010, fromhttp://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/15/phys-ed-can-exercise-make-kids-smarter/?ref=magazine
• World Health Organization. (2000, June 4). WHO issues new healthy life expectancy rankings. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved December 2004, fromhttp://www.who.int/inf-pr-2000/en/pr2000-life.html

III. Self and Personal Style

• Bandura, A. (1999). A social cognitive theory of personality. In L. Pervin & O. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality (2nd ed., pp. 154-196). New York: Guilford Publications. (Reprinted in D. Cervone & Y. Shoda [Eds.], The coherence of personality. New York: Guilford Press.) Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/Bandura1999HP.pdf
• Baumeister, R.F., Campbell, J.D., Krueger, J.I., & Vohs, K.D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1-44. Retrieved September 2008, from http://www.csom.umn.edu/Assets/71496.pdf
• Cassidy, S. (2004). Learning styles: An overview of theories, models, and measures. Educational Psychology, 24(4), 419-444. Retrieved December 2005, fromhttp://www.acdowd-designs.com/sfsu_860_11/LS_OverView.pdf
• Huitt, W. (1992). Problem solving and decision making: Consideration of individual differences using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Journal of Psychological Type, 24, 33-44. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/prbsmbti.html
• Huitt, W. (2004). Self-concept and self-esteem. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/regsys/self.html
• Kenny, M., & McEachern, A. (2009, February). Children's self-concept: A multicultural comparison. Professional School Counseling. Retrieved May 2010, fromhttp://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0KOC/is_3_12/ai_n31414904/
• Little, T. (2000). The millennial challenge: Modelling the agentic self in context. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24(2), 149-152. Retrieved December 2004, from http://www.agencylab.ku.edu/~agencylab/manuscripts/(Little,%202000a%20IJBD).pdf
• Purkey, W. (1988). An overview of self-concept theory for counselors. ERIC/CAPS Digest. (ERIC NO.: ED304630). Retrieved June 1999, fromhttp://www.edpsycinteractive.org/files/selfconc.html
• Rana, R., & Iqbal, M. (2005). Effect of student's self-concept and gender on academic achievement in science. Bulletin of Education & Research, 27(2), 19-36. Retrieved February 2011, from http://www.pu.edu.pk/ier/ber/images/2__Effect%20of%20students'%20self%20concept.pdf
• Swann, W., Chang-Schneider, C., & McClarty, K. (2007). Do people’s self-views matter? American Psychologist, 62(2), 84-94. Retrieved September 2009, from http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/HomePage/Faculty/swann/docu/swaampsy.pdf
• van Zomeren, M. (2008, April 22). Complementing individualism with the social identity approach. In-Mind, 6. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.in-mind.org/issue-6/complementing-individualism-with-the-social-identity-approach.html
• Self-report Instruments:
• Values in Action: Inventory of Strengths: from Positive Psychology (Martin Seligman): http://www.viastrengths.org
• Jung Typology Test: http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp
• Learning style online: http://www.learning-styles-online.com/
• Index of Learning Styles Questionnaire: http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html

IV. Spiritual Development

• Amram, Y. (2007, August). The seven dimensions of spiritual intelligence: An ecumenical grounded theory. Paper presented at the 115th Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA. Retrieved September 2009, from  http://www.yosiamram.net/docs/7_Dimensions_of_SI_APA_confr_paper_Yosi_Amram.pdf
• Berger, P., & Hefner, R. (2003). Spiritual capital in comparative perspective. Bryn Mawr, PA: Metanexus Institute. Retrieved July 2008, from http://www.metanexus.net/spiritual_capital/pdf/Berger.pdf
• Clarken, R. (2009). The role of spirituality and spiritual practices in education. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, April 12-17. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www-instruct.nmu.edu/~rclarken/Papers/role%20of%20spirtualityt.htm
• Faber, R. (2007, Spring). The crisis of becoming: Reflections on a Whiteheadian spirituality. Creative Transformations, 2-10. Retrieved April 2014, from http://faber.whiteheadresearch.org/files/FaberR-The_Crisis_of_Becoming.pdf
• Finke, R. (2003). Spiritual capital: Definitions, applications, and new frontiers. Bryn Mawr, PA: Metanexus Institute. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.metanexus.net/spiritual_capital/pdf/finke.pdf
• Fowler, J. (2004, Fall). Faith development at 30: Naming the challenges of faith in a new millennium. Religious Education. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3783/is_200410/ai_n9470053/print
• Huitt, W. (2000). The spiritual nature of a human being. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved September 2009, from, http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/spiritual/spirit.html
• Huitt, W., & Robbins, J. (2003). An introduction to spiritual development. Paper presented at the 11^th Annual Conference: Applied Psychology in Education, Mental Health, and Business, Valdosta, GA. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/spirituality.pdf [In-depth]
• Kessler, R. (2000). The soul of education (Introduction). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Retrieved November 2002, from http://www.ascd.org/readingroom/books/kessler00book.html#intro
• Love, P. (2002, May/June). Comparing spiritual development and cognitive development. Journal of College Student Development. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3752/is_200205/ai_n9052568/print
• Roehlkepartiain, E., Benson, P., King, P., & Wagener, L. (2005). Spiritual development in childhood and adolescence: Moving to the scientific mainstream. Retrieved October 2008, from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/6213_Chapter_1__Roehlkepartain_I_Proof_pdf.pdf


• Stewart, J. (2010, March 5). Is this the meaning of life? Science Blog. Retrieved March 2010, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2010/mar/05/meaning-life-evolution-universe
• Woodberry, R. (2003). Researching spiritual capital: Promises and pitfalls. Bryn Mawr, PA: Metanexus Institute. Retrieved July 2008, from http://www.metanexus.net/spiritual_capital/pdf/woodberry.pdf
• Wolfe, J. (2004, June). Teach, but don't preach: Practical guidelines for addressing spiritual concerns of students. Professional School Counseling. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0KOC/is_5_7/ai_n6121243

V. Cognitive/Reasoning Development

• Ackermann, E. (2004). Constructing knowledge and transforming the world. In M. Tokoro ad L. Steels (Ed.), A learning zone of one's own: Sharing representations and flow in collaborative learning environments (pp. 15-37). Amsterdam, Berlin, Oxford, Tokyo, Washington, DC: IOS Press. Retrieved December 2006, from http://learning.media.mit.edu/publications.html
• Alpay, E. (2003). The contribution of Vygotsky's theory to the contribution of our understanding of the relation between the social world and cognitive development. London: Imperial College. Retrieved January 2003, from http://www.imperial.ac.uk/chemicalengineering/common_room/files/PsychEd_5.pdf
• Bhattacharya, K. & Han, S. (2001). Piaget and cognitive development. In M. Orey (Ed.), Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. Athens, GA: University of Georgia. Retrieved September 2009, from http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Piaget%27s_Constructivism
• Bland, D. (2012). Imagination for re-engagement from the margins of education. Australian Educational Researcher, 39(1), 75-89.Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/48571/1/48571S.pdf
• Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/documents/2003_BrownRyan.pdf
• Cunia, E. (2005). Cognitive theory. Principles of Instruction and Learning: A Web Quest. Retrieved fromhttp://erincunia.com/portfolio/MSportfolio/ide621/ide621f03production/cognitive.htm
• Dahms, M., Geonnotti, K., Passalacqua, D., Schilk, J. N., Wetzel, A., & Zulkowsky, M. (2008). The educational theory of Lev Vygotsky: An analysis. In G. Clabaugh (Ed.). New Foundations. Philadelphia: Author. Retrieved January 2008, from http://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Vygotsky.html
• Embi, M. A. (2012). Web 2.0 mindmapping and brainstorming tools. Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia: Centre for Academic Advancement, National University of Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/114424148/Web-2-0-Mindmapping-Brainstorming-Tools-A-Quick-Guide
• Gardner, H. (2003). Multiple intelligences after twenty years. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, Illinois, April 21. Retrieved September 2009, from http://pzweb.harvard.edu/PIs/HG_MI_after_20_years.pdf
• Ghose, T. (2011, August 9). Heritability of intelligence. The Scientist. Retrieved http://the-scientist.com/2011/08/09/heritability-of-intelligence/
• Krathwohl, D. (2002). A revision of Bloom's taxonomy: An overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(4), 212-218. Retrieved December 2003, fromhttp://www.unco.edu/cetl/sir/stating_outcome/documents/Krathwohl.pdf
• Lutz, S., & Huitt, W. (2003). Information processing and memory: Theory and applications. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/infoproc.pdf 
• Lutz, S., & Huitt, W. (2004). Connecting cognitive development and constructivism: Implications from theory for instruction and assessment. Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 9(1), 67-90. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/cogdev.pdf
 
• MentoringMinds. (2007). Revised Bloom's taxonomy--DOK wheel. Tyler, TX: Author. Retrieved December 2008, fromhttp://www.mentoringminds.com/media/wysiwyg/PDFs/Research/DOK-RBT.pdf
• Noddings, N. (2008). All our students thinking. Educational Leadership, 65(5), 8-13. Retrieved December 2009, fromhttp://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/feb08/vol65/num05/All-Our-Students-Thinking.aspx
• Posner, M., & Peterson, S. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25-42. Retrieved December 2003, from http://cns-web.bu.edu/Profiles/Mingolla.html/cnsftp/cn730-2007-pdf/posner_petersen90.pdf
• Quartz, S., & Sejnowski, T. (1996). The neural basis of cognitive development: A constructivist manifesto (Draft). Behavioral & Brain Sciences, Target article preprint. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.bbsonline.org/documents/a/00/00/04/93/bbs00000493-00/bbs.quartz.html
• Ryan, S. (2007). Wisdom. Stanford, CA: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved September 2009, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wisdom/
• Schwartz, B., & Ward, A. (2004). Doing better but feeling worse: The paradox of choice. In P. A. Linley, & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 86-104). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved December 2005 from http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bschwar1/Choice%20Chapter.Revised.pdf
• Wible, C. (2013, June 21). What does it mean to be intelligent? (blog). informED. Retrieved from http://www.opencolleges.edu.au/informed/features/what-does-it-mean-to-be-intelligent/
• Winn, W., & Snyder. D. (2001). Cognitive perspectives in psychology. In D. Jonasson (Ed.), The Handbook of Research for Educational Communications and Technology. Bloomington, IN: The Association of Communications and Technology. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.aect.org/edtech/ed1/pdf/05.pdf

VI. Affective/Emotional Development

Overview

• Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., DeWall, C. N., & Zhang, L. (2007). How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 167-203. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.psy.fsu.edu/~baumeistertice/pdfmail.php [Provide email address and select this article; PDF file will be emailed]
• Brett, A., Smith, M., Price, E., & Huitt, W. (2003). The affective domain. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.psycinteracitve.org/brilstar/chapters/affectdev.doc
• de Sousa, R. (2003). Emotion. In E. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved September 2009, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2003/entries/emotion/

Positive Affect and Happiness

• Fredrickson, B., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 313-332. Retrieved September 2009 from http://www.unc.edu/peplab/publications/Fredrickson_Branigan_2005.pdf
• Fredrickson, B., & Losada, M. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60(7), 678-686. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.unc.edu/peplab/publications/human_flourishing.pdf
• Kashdan, T., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(4), 219-233. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.intentionalhappiness.com/articles/reconsidering_happinesses_jopp.pdf
• Otake, K., Shimai, S., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Otsui, K, & Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). Happy people become happier through kindness: A counting kindnesses intervention. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 361-375. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.unc.edu/peplab/publications/2006happypeople.pdf

Body, Brain, and Neuroscience

• Amaral, J., & de Oliveira, J. (2002). Limbic system: The center of emotions. Brain & Mind. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n05/mente/limbic_i.htm
• Colombetti, G., & Thompson, E. (2007). The feeling body: Towards an enactive approach to emotion. In W.  Overton, U. Müller, & J. Newman (Eds.), Body in mind, mind in body: Developmental perspectives on embodiment and consciousness. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Retrieved September 2009, from http://individual.utoronto.ca/evant/FeelingBody.pdf
• Rameson, L. T., & Lieberman, M. D. (2009). Empathy: A social cognitive neuroscience approach. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(1), 94-110. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.scn.ucla.edu/pdf/Rameson(2009).pdf

Childhood and Adolescence

• Denham, S., & Weissberg, R. (2003). Social-emotional learning in early childhood: What we know and where to go from here. In M. Bloom & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), A blueprint for the promotion of prosocial behavior in early childhood. New York: Kluwer/Academic Publishers. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.casel.org/downloads/SELearlychildhood.pdf
• Fredericks, L. (2003). Making the case for social and emotional learning and service-learning. Cooperative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning. Retrieved September 2009, from http://ecs.org/clearinghouse/44/04/4404.pdf
• Goldman, D. (2007). Selling SEL [Video interview recorded at CASEL Forum]. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edutopia.org/daniel-goleman-sel-video
• Peth-Pierce, R. (2000). A good beginning: Sending America's children to school with the social and emotional competence they need to succeed. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.casel.org/downloads/goodbeginning.pdf

VII. Conative/Volitional Development

• Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44, 1175-1184. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/Bandura1989AP.pdf
• Bandura, A. (1991). Human agency: The rhetoric and the reality. American Psychologist, 46, 157-162. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/Bandura1991AP.htm 
• Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press. (Reprinted in H. Friedman [Ed.], Encyclopedia of mental health. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998). Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/BanEncy.html
• Duckworth, A., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic achievement of adolescents. Psychological Science, 16(12), 939-944. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~duckwort/images/PsychologicalScienceDec2005.pdf
• Fischer, K., & Bidell, T. (2005). Dynamic development of action, thought, and emotion. In R. Lerner (Ed.), Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., Vol. 1). New York: Wiley. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.gse.harvard.edu/~ddl/articlesCopy/FischerBidellProofsCorrected.0706.pdf
• Gerdes, K., & Stromwall, L. (2008). Conation: The missing link in the strengths perspective. Social Work, 53(3), 233-242. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.kolbe.com/info_center/Gerdes_ConationArticle_April2007.pdf
• Howard, M. (2002). Educating the will: Part I: Spirit will and ethical individuality. Research Bulletin, 7(1). Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.waldorflibrary.org/Journal_Articles/RB7103.pdf
• Huitt, W. (1999). Conation as an important factor of mind. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/regsys/conation.html [Overview]
• Huitt, W., & Cain, S. (2005). An overview of the conative domain. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/conative.pdf  [In-depth]
• Krippner, S. (2004). "All mind? No matter": The self-regulation paradigm. The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 23. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.transpersonalstudies.org/ImagesRepository/ijts/Downloads/All%20Mind%20No%20Matter%20The%20Self-Regulation%20Paradigm.pdf

VIII. Social Development

• Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2006). The role of school in the social world of adolescence. Excerpt from P.C. Broderick & P. Blewitt, The life span: Human development for helping professionals (323-325). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.education.com/reference/article/role-school-social-world-adolescence/
• Buerkle, K., & Guseva, A. (2003, July). What do you know, who do you know? School as a site for the production of social capital and its effects on income attainment in Poland and the Czech Republic. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. Retrieved September 2004, from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0254/is_3_61/ai_90039423
• Goleman, D. (2007). Social intelligence: The new science of human relationships [Video]. Presentation at GoogleTalks. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hoo_dIOP8k
• Goodman, R., & Gurian, A. (2000). Friends and friendships. New York: NYU Child Study Center. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.aboutourkids.org/articles/friends_friendships
• Jacobs, G., & Cleveland, H. (1999). Social development theory. Napa, CA: International Center for Peace and Development. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.icpd.org/development_theory/SocialDevTheory.htm
• Kihlstrom, J., & Cantor, N.  (2000). Social intelligence. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence, 2nd ed. (pp. 359-379) [Draft]. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved September 2009, from http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~kihlstrm/social_intelligence.htm
• McClellan, D., & Katz, L. (1993). Young children's social development: A checklist. Urbana, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education, from ED356100]. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/files/socialdev.html
• Rhodes, M. (2002, August). Building bridges of friendship: With this cross-curricular unit, children build skills as they connect with a class of new friends. Instructor. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0STR/is_1_112/ai_90316930

IX. Moral Character Development

• Clarken, R. (2006, July). Moral education in the time of global transformation. Paper presented at the Oxford Round Table, London, England. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www-instruct.nmu.edu/~rclarken/Papers/Moral Education in Time of Global Transformation pap.htm
• Clarken, R. (2009). Moral intelligence in schools. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, March 20. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www-instruct.nmu.edu/~rclarken/Papers/moral_intelligence_in_the_school.htm
• Kirschenbaum, H. (1992). A comprehensive model for values education and moral education. Phi Delta Kappan, 73(10), 77, 176. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.hi-ho.ne.jp/taku77/refer/kirsch.htm
• Murray, M. (2002). Moral development and moral education: An overview. In L. Nucci (Ed.),  Studies in Moral Development and Education. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago. Retrieved September 2009, from http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/overview.html
• Narvaez, D. (2006). Integrative ethical education. In M. Killen & J. Smetana (Eds.), Handbook of Moral Development. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Retrieved September 2009, http://www.nd.edu/~dnarvaez/Narvaez%20HMD%2009.14.pdf 
• Narvaez, D. (2008). Human flourishing and moral development: Cognitive and neurobiological perspectives on virtue development. In L. Nucci & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Handbook of moral and character education. (pp. 310-327) Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.nd.edu/~dnarvaez/documents/NarvaezFlourishing2008.pdf
• Narvaez, D. (2008). Triune ethics: The neurobiological roots of our multiple moralities. New Ideas in Psychology, 26, 95-119.  Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.nd.edu/~dlapsle1/DSG/DSG%20News_files/Narvaez%20Triune%20Ethics%20Proof2.pdf
• Narvaez, D. & Lapsley, D. (2008). Teaching moral character: Two strategies for teacher educators. Teacher Educator, 43, 156-172. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.nd.edu/~dlapsle1/Lab/Articles%20&%20Chapters_files/Teaching%20Moral%20Character%20Two%20Strategies%20for%20Teacher%20Education.pdf
• Vessels, G., & Huitt, W. (2005). Moral and character development. Paper presented at the National Youth at Risk Conference, Savannah, GA, March 8-10. Retrieved September 2009, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/chardev.pdf 

X. Citizenship

• Banks, J. (2003). Educating global citizens in a diverse world. New Horizons for Learning. Retrieved May 2010, fromhttp://education.jhu.edu/PD/newhorizons/strategies/topics/multicultural-education/educatingglobalcitizensinadiverseworld/
• Braskamp, L. (2008). Developing global citizens. Journal of College & Character, X(1). Retrieved May 2010, from http://journals.naspa.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1058&context=jcc
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