Science, Philosophy, and Religion
 as Sources of Knowledge

Last updated: February 2010

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Science as a Way of Knowing

• Science: A Way of Knowing: by J. Evans
• Science: A Way of Knowing: by M. Alan Kazlev
• Coda: Science a Way of Knowing: by Francisco Ayala
• Science, Evolution, and Intelligent Design: from the Union of Concerned Scientists
• Federation in Behavioral, Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
• Research Resources on the Internet from Betty C. Jung, Southern Connecticut State University
• Qualitative research from University of Colorado at Denver, School of Education
• Papers on co-operative inquiry and action research by Peter Reason, University of Bath, United Kingdom
• Areol, action research and evaluation on line, is a 14-week public course offered each semester as a public service by Southern Cross University and the Southern Cross Institute of Action Research

General links to philosophy sites (Return to Top of Page)

• BEARS: Brown Electronic Article Review Service on Moral and Political Philosophy
• A Philosophy of Mind: Edited by Chris Eliasmith
• Online papers on consciousness: Compiled by David Chalmers
• Philosophy: from NatureIQ
• The Sophia Project - from the Molloy College Philosophy Department
• History of Philosophy Resources from Erratic Impact
• Witt, C. (2007). Feminist history of philosophy. In E. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved May 2008, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-femhist/

Ancient Greek Philosophers

• Minoan Civilization
• Hermes Trismegistus
• Pythagorus (570-410 BC)
• Socrates (445-365 BC)
• Hippocrates (460-330 BC)
• Plato (427-347 BC)
• Aristotle (384-322 BC)

Specific Philosophies (Return to Top of Page)

• Philosophers: Provides brief biography and references for wide variety of philosophers
• Transhumanist Resources
• The Determinism and Freedom Website
• Perennial Philosophy
• Hegel's Philosophy from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Charles Sanders Pierce (1839-1914); Synechism, Tychism and Agapism
• Association for Process Philosophy of Education -- The philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead
• The Center for Process Studies
• Symbols & Metaphors: Creating Reality--reflections on the origins of meaning by Chris Lofting 
• Stephen C. Pepper: The use of metaphor in philosophy
• Charles Hartshorne
• Cunningham, P. (1997, March). Teilhard de Chardin and the noosphere. CMC Magazine.
• Dolhenty, J. (n.d.). The basic tenets of the perennial philosophy. Retrieved June 2005, from http://radicalacademy.com/philsummary.htm
• Gingerich, O. (1994). Is there a role for natural theology today? [abridged reprint]. In M. Rae, H. Regan, & J. Stenhouse (Eds.), Science and Theology: Questions at the Interface [29-48]. Edinburgh:  T & T Clarke. Retrieved June 2005, from http://www.leaderu.com/real/ri9501/natural.html
• Huchinson, J. (1981). Organization and process: Systems philosophy and Whiteheadian metaphysics. Process Studies, 11(4). 226-241. Retrieved January 2005, from http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=2501
• Kuhlmann, M. (2006). Quantum field theory. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. Retrieved June 2007, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/quantum-field-theory/
• Macdonald, C. (1998). Implications of a fundamental consciousness. Paper presented at the Tucson III Toward a Science of Consciousness conference, Tucson, Arizona, May 1.
• Rescher, N. (2002). Process philosophy. In E. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved February 2005, from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/process-philosophy/

• The Philosophy of Aesthetics from Philosophy Archive
• Aesthetics from Wikopedia
• Budd, M. (1998). Aesthetics. In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Retrieved May 2008, from http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/M046
• Gracyk, T. (2006). Hume's aesthetics. In E. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved May 2008, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-aesthetics/
• Slater, B. H. (2006). Aesthetics. In J. Fieser & B. Dowden (Eds.), The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved May 2008 from http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/aestheti.htm
• Steinbauer, A. (2006). Aesthetics and philosophy: A match made in heaven? Philosophy Now. Retrieved May 2008, from http://www.philosophynow.org/issue57/57steinbauer.htm
• Zangwell, N. (2007). Aesthetic judgment. In E. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved May 2008, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aesthetic-judgment/

Philosophy and Science (Return to Top of Page)

• Characterization of Quack Theories by Russell Turpin
• Philosophy Since the Enlightenment by Roger Jones, London, England
• Links on the practice and theory of collective intelligence: by Pierre Lévy
• Evolutionary Theory: Papers from conferences sponsored by the Esalen Center for Theory and Research
• Eronen, M. (2004). Emergence in the philosophy of mind. Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki. Retrieved May 2007, from https://oa.doria.fi/dspace/bitstream/10024/849/1/emergenc.pdf
• Kampis, G. (1997). Evolution as its own cause and effect. In S. Salthe and G. van de Vijver (Eds.), Evolutionary systems (255-266). Dordrecht: Kluwer. Retrieved April 2005, from http://hps.elte.hu/~kampis/Publications/Evolcause.html
• Kazlev, M. A. (2005). A new integral paradigm. Retrieved June 2005, from http://www.kheper.net/theoryofeverything/integral_paradigm.html
• Parrott, M. R. M. (2005). Dynamism (Vol. I): Force. Columbia, SC: Rimric Press. Retrieved April 2005, from http://www.rimric.com/documents/d1f-1-5.pdf
• Pearce, W. B. (2002). Systems: Schools of thought and traditions of practice. Redwood City, CA: Pearce Associates. Retrieved April 2005, from http://www.pearceassociates.com/essays/story_about_systems.pdf
• Stapp, H. (2007). The mindful universe: Quantum mechanics and the participating observer. New York: Springer-Verlag. Retrieved June 2007, from  http://www-physics.lbl.gov/~stapp/stappfiles.html
• Stein, R. (2004). Towards a process philosophy of chemistry. HYLE--International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry, 10(1), 5-22. Retrieved April 2005, from http://www.hyle.org/journal/issues/10-1/stein.htm

Philosophy and Religion (Return to Top of Page)

• Philosophy of Religions by Kelly Ross
• Philosophy of Religion by Tim Holt
• Philosophy of Religion Resources by Scott Moore
• Philosophy of Religion by Dale Tuggy
• Philosophy of Religion from the Galilean Library
• Philosophy of Religion from the open directory project
• Analytic Philosophy of Religion
• Philosophy of Religion: Wikepedia
• Theistic Philosophers on the Web
• The Axial Age: Notes for lectures by Stephan Chan, Seattle University
• The Axial Age: from World History Chronology by David Koeller, North Park University
• Philosophy for Theologians: by Benedict M. Ashley, International Catholic University
• Theology and Science: links developed by Nikitas Kafkios, Greece
• A Firm Foundation: Christian philosophy
• Christian Classics Ethereal Library
• The philosophy of scientology
• The fundamentals of scientology
• The Christian Worldview: Christian apologetics, ethics, philosophy, psychology, science, sociology, and theology
• Mohammed the Prophet
• Angelic revelations of divine truth
• The Life and Works of Emanuel Swedenborg
• Bahá'í Philosophy: by Ian Kluge
• ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. (1972). The evolution of the spirit. Paris Talks (88-94). London: UK Bahá’í Publishing Trust. Retrieved February 2005, from http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/PT/pt-29.html.
• Brahmeshananda, S. The nature of man according to Hinduism. Understanding Hindusim. Retrieved June 2005, from http://www.hinduism.co.za/natureof.htm.
• Bushrui, S. (1997). The spiritual foundation of human rights: A Bahá'í perspective. A keynote address delivered at the 21st annual conference of the Association for Bahá'í Studies, November 15. Retrieved September 2004, from http://www.onecountry.org/e101/e101%20Bushrui%20full%20text.htm.
• Carter, H. (2002). The adventurous frontier of process spirituality. Retrieved April 2005, from http://www.hyattcarter.com/the_adventurous_frontier.htm.
• Carter, H. (2003/2004). An introduction to process thought in five easy pieces. The Word, 49(5) - 50(3). Retrieved April 2005, from http://www.hyattcarter.com/process_in_five_easy_pieces.htm.
• Edge, H. (1998). Evolution. Theosophical University Press Online Edition. Retrieved February 2005, from http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/gdpmanu/evol-edg/evo-1.htm.
• Feinberg, J. (n.d.). Theism. Elwell Evangelical Dictionary. Retrieved June 2005, from http://mb-soft.com/believe/text/theism.htm.
• Genung, J. (1915). Adam in the Old Testament. In J. Orr (Ed.), International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 2005, from http://www.studylight.org/enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T171.
• Gilsinan, K. (2004, February 17). Does God exist? Yes, mathematician says. Columbia Spectator. Retrieved October 2004, from http://www.columbiaspectator.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2004/02/17/4031d9166ab57.
• Haroun, N. (2004). The evolution of the human spirit. Retrieved February 2005, from  http://www.islamonline.net/english/introducingislam/Worship/Heart/article06.shtml.
• Holt, T. (2004). Arguments for the existence of God. Philosophy of Religion. Retrieved October 2004, from http://www.philosophyofreligion.info/theisticproofs.html.
• Ibn Ghazzali Alghazzali, A. H. M. (n.d.), The nature of man. Adventures in philosophy: Islamic Philosophy. Retrieved June 2005, from http://radicalacademy.com/adiphilislamessay8.htm.
• Jones, R. (2003). Philosophy and the proof of the existence of God. Retrieved October 2004, from http://www.philosopher.org.uk/god.htm.
• Musavi Lari, M.  (n.d.). Perfecting man's faith and conviction (Chapter 1). Knowing God. [trans. F. J. Goulding]. Retrieved October 2004, from http://home.swipnet.se/islam/books/knowing_god/knowing_god.htm.
• Oppy, G. (2003, Winter). Ontological arguments. In E. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved October 2004, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ontological-arguments/.
• Pecorino, P. (2001). Philosophy of religion. NY: Queensbourogh Community College, CUNY. Retrieved May 2008, from http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/pecorip/SCCCWEB/ETEXTS/PHIL_of_RELIGION_TEXT/default.htm
• Rossi, P. (2005). Kant's philosophy of religion. In E. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved May 2008, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/
• Thomas, G. (1973). Philosophy and theology. Theology Today, 30(3). Retrieved October 2004, from http://theologytoday.ptsem.edu/oct1973/v30-3-article8.htm.
• Williams, P. (2001). Aesthetic arguments for the existence of God. Quodlibet Journal, 3(3). Retrieved October 2004, from http://www.quodlibet.net/pdf/williams-aesthetic.pdf.

Philosophy of History (Return to Top of Page)

• Philosophy of History from Kelly Ross
• Philosophy of History from the Galilean Library
• Philosophy of History Archive by Nikoli Rozov
• Philosophy of History from Wikopedia
• Philosophy of History Quotations from the Education Forum
• Hegel, G. W. F. (1837). The philosophy of history [trans. J. Sibree]. Retrieved May 2008, from http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/texts/Hegel%20-%20Philosophy%20of%20History.htm [also available at http://socserv2.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/hegel/history.pdf] [SparkNotes]
• Little, D. (2007). The philosophy of history. In E. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved May 2008, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/history/
• Maritain, J. (1955). On the philosophy of history. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame, Jacque Maritain Center. Retrieved May 2008, from http://www2.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/philhist.htm

Philosophy and Education (Return to Top of Page)

• Classic Texts and Manuscripts in Education by Martin Ryder, University of Colorado at Denver
• Philosophy, Theory, and Education from Educational Policy Studies, University of Illinois-Champaigne-Urbana
• Philosophy of Education from the Open Directory Project
• Materials on the Philosophy of Education from Metropolitan Community College, Omaha, NE
• Philosophy of Education: Selected resources from Questia
• Public education: Views of a concerned parent by Jeff Lindsay
• Carr, D. (1998). Toward a re-evaluation of the role of educational epistomology in the professional education of teachers. In S. Tozer (Ed.), Philosophy of education (Yearbook). Urbana-Champaign, IL: Philosophy of Education Society. Retrieved December 1999, from http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/eps/pes-yearbook/1998/carr.html.
• Fleener, M. J., Smith, J., K., & Simpson, D. (2000). Philosophy and teacher education: Paradox or paradigm? Association for Process Philosophy in Education. Retrieved April 2005, from http://www.apped.org/fleener.pdf
• Hartley, I. (2002). Philosophy-Theory-Practice: Focusing on the concept of process as the underlying factor in learning. AAPE Newsletter. Retrieved April 2005, from http://www.apped.org/newsletter2002/philtheorypractice.htm
• Rozycki, E. (1999). Philosophy and education: What's the connection? Chester, PA: NewFoundations. Retrieved October 2005, from http://www.newfoundations.com/EGR/PhilEdCon.html

Religion (Return to Top of Page)

• The Divine Unity Exploration and Studies Institute: by Ray Estes
• Belief System Selector...an exploration of world religions: from Selectsmart
• Religious Movements by Jeffrey Hadden, University of Virginia
• Adherents.com: collection of over 43,870 adherent statistics and religious geography citations
• Religion and Ethics from the BBC
• The Interfaith Alliance
• Faith in Public Life: Emphasizes interfaith approaches to public policy
• Teaching About Religion: Worldview Education from Instructional Systems, Sacramento, CA
• Sacred Art of the World
• Yahoo: Religion and Spirituality
• BBC: Religions of the World
• Audio presentations on major world religions
• World Religions
• All Religions
• BeliefNet
• Religious Tolerance: Sponsored by the Ontario [Canada] Consultants on Religious Tolerance
• Believe Religious Information Collection -- Scholarly articles on different faiths
• Religion-oriented electronic texts
• World Prayers
• United Religions Initiative
• North American Interfaith Network
• The Barna Group: Research data on religious beliefs in North America
• Human Nature from the Perspective of World Religions: Materials for graduate-level course
• Jainism
• Sikhism
• Digital International Buddhism Organization
• Guided Meditations: from the Insight Meditation Center
• TORAH on the Information Superhighway
• Tikkun: Bimonthly Jewish Critique of Politics, Culture, & Society
• Sojourners: Christian magazine integrating spiritual renewal and social justice
• Grace to You: Bible-based radio, books and audiotapes
• PromiseKeepers: Christ-centered men's organization
• Gifted2Serve: Spiritual gifts inventory
• Theological Education Institute with Rev. John Rankin
• IslamiCity: Resources for investigating the global Muslim community
• Islamic Links
• Study Islam
• Baha'i Faith
• Comparison Chart of Abrahamic Religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i Faith): from ReligionFacts.com
• Speaking of Faith: Audio programs from American Public Radio

Women and Religion (Return to Top of Page)

• The Position of Women in Buddhism: by L.S. Dewaraja
• Women in Judaism: A Multidisciplinary Journal (with additional links)
• Bibliography of Jewish Womens' Resources: Compiled by Tsiporah Wexler-Pashkoff
• Selected excerpts from Women Without Superstition: "No Gods - No Masters": Edited by Annie Laurie Gaylor (The Collected Writings of Women Freethinkers of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries)
• Women in Ancient Christianity: New Discoveries
• Women in Christianity and Islam
• Rafiqul-Haqq, M., & Newton, P. (1996). The Place of Women in Pure Islam
• Women and The Bahá'í Faith

Science and Religion (Return to Top of Page)

• Psychology of Religion Page by Michael E. Nielsen, PhD
• Science and Religion: Focus on scientific investigation of spiritual and religious teachings 
• Institute on Religion in an Age of Science (IRAS)
• The Metanexus Institute: Concerned with research, education and outreach on the constructive engagement of science and religion
• Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion by the American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Science and the Spiritual Quest
• Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health: Duke University
• WWW Virtual Library: Psychology of Religion
• Council for Spiritual Practice
• The PsychoSpiritual Research Institute (PSRI)
• School of Wisdom
• Church of Scientology: Los Angeles Organization
• Science Speaks, the newsletter
• Unity and Diversity Conference: Annual meeting focused on developing a new understanding of problems facing humanity
• The Forum on Religion and Ecology: Introductory Materials: from the Harvard University Center for the Environment
• Science and the Three Monotheisms in the 21st Century, Granada, Spain
• Science and Judaism
• The American Scientific Association: Science in a Christian Perspective
• Science and Islam
• Bahá'í International Community. )2006). `Abdu'l-Bahá on science and religion. Bahá'í Topics. Retrieved June 2007, from http://info.bahai.org/article-1-5-3-1.html
• Climate Institute. (2006). Common belief: Australia's belief communities on climate change. Sydney: Author. Retrieved December 2006, from http://www.climateinstitute.org.au/cia1/downloads/041206_common_belief.pdf
• Dager. C. (1987). Psychology: Science or religion? Retrieved December 1999, from http://www.rapidnet.com/~jbeard/bdm/Psychology/psych.htm
• Harper, S. (Ed.). The lab, the temple, and the market: Reflections at the intersection of science, religion, and development. Ottawa, Ontario, CA: International Development Research Centre. Retrieved December 2006, from http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-9418-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html
• Regni, C. (1993). God and science. St. Peter's Church, Nottingham, England on-line magazine. Retrieved December 1999, from http://www.stpetersnottingham.org/theology/godandscience.htm
• Russell, R. (2000). Theology and science: Current issues and future directions. Counterbalance Meta Library. Retrieved April 2005, from http://www.meta-library.net/rjr/index-frame.html
• Singh, T. D. (2005). Hinduism and science. Paper prepared for Science and Religion: Global Perspectives, Philadelphia, June 4-8.
• Verhoeven, M. (2001). Buddhism and science: Probing the boundaries of faith and reason. Religion East and West, 1, 77-97. Retrieved September 2006, from http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Buddhism/VerhoevenBuddhismScience.htm

Philosophy, Science, & Religion (Return to Top of Page)

• Relationship between Science and Religion (Wikipedia article)
• Kenyon, T. (2007). Beyond science, philosophy, and religion. Retrieved March 2008, from http://www.tupelokenyon.com/2007/01/29/beyond-science-philosophy-and-religion/
• Editors. (n.d.). Religion, science, and philosophy: Bringing an end to the culture war. Progressive Living. Retrieved March 2008, from http://www.progressiveliving.org/religion/culture_war.htm

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Dr. William G. (Bill) Huitt

Dept. of Psychology, Counseling & Guidance
Valdosta State University
Valdosta, GA 31698-0001